Impact Loads Calculators

Impact of a Bar on a Rigid Surface

In this calculation, an impact of a bar with material density ρ and initial speed W₀ on a rigid surface is considered. In this case, compression stresses σ and deformations arisen in the bar being propagated along the length of the bar at the speed of a sound wave. If the opposite end of the bar is not limited by anything at the moment of impact, harmonic tensile stresses will arise in the bar, which decay in the process of energy dissipation in the material. For the calculation, the elastic modulus E of the bar should be specified.

Calculation of bar at impact on surface

Calculation of bar at impact on surface

INITIAL DATA

ρ - Bar material density;

E - Young's modulus;

W₀ - Bar initial speed.

RESULTS DATA

σ - Maximum compressive stress in the bar.

Metric Imperial

Material density (ρ)

Young's modulus (Е)

Bar speed (W₀)

Compressive stress (σ)

BASIC FORMULAS

Sound wave speed:

с = (E / ρ)^1/2;

Bar deformation:

ε = W₀ / c;

Compressive stress:

σ = E * ε.

INITIAL DATA

ρ - Bar material density;

E - Young's modulus;

W₀ - Bar initial speed.

RESULTS DATA

σ - Maximum compressive stress in the bar.

MATERIALS PROPERTIES

Material	Young’s modulus Pa (psi)	Poisson’s ratio
Steel	1.86÷2.1×10¹¹ (2.7÷3.05×10⁷)	0.25÷0.33
Cast iron	0.78÷1.47×10¹¹ (1.1÷2.1×10⁷)	0.23÷0.27
Copper	1.0÷1.3×10¹¹ (1.45÷1.9×10⁷)	0.34
Tin bronze	0.74÷1.22×10¹¹ (1.1÷1.8×10⁷)	0.32÷0.35
Brass	0.98÷1.08×10¹¹ (1.4÷1.6×10⁷)	0.32÷0.34
Aluminum alloy	0.7×10¹¹ (1.0×10⁷)	0.33
Magnesium alloy	0.4÷0.44×10¹¹ (5.8÷6.4×10⁶)	0.34
Nickel	2.5×10¹¹ (3.6×10⁷)	0.33
Titanium	1.16×10¹¹ (1.7×10⁷)	0.32
Lead	0.15÷0.2×10¹¹ (2.2÷2.9×10⁶)	0.42
Zinc	0.78×10¹¹ (1.1×10⁷)	0.27
Glass	4.9÷5.9×10¹⁰ (7.1÷8.5×10⁶)	0.24÷0.27
Concrete	1.48÷2.25×10¹⁰ (2.1÷3.3×10⁶)	0.16÷0.18
Wood (along the grain)	8.8÷15.7×10¹⁰ (12.8÷22.8×10⁶)	-
Wood (across the grain)	3.9÷9.8×10¹⁰ (5.7÷14.2×10⁶)	-
Nylon	1.03×10¹⁰ (1.5×10⁶)	-

OTHER CALCULATORS

AREA MOMENTS OF INERTIA

BEAM CALCULATORS

TORSION OF BARS

CIRCULAR FLAT PLATES

BUCKLING

ELASTIC CONTACT

IMPACT LOADS

NATURAL FREQUENCIES

PRESSURED SHELLS

FLUID DYNAMIC

COMPOSITES

SPRINGS

THREAD CONNECTIONS

SHAFT CONNECTIONS

BEARINGS

DRIVES

FATIGUE

HEAT TRANSFER